The performance aspect of the Duke Jazz Program, directed by John Brown, includes the Duke Jazz Ensemble and the Duke Jazz Combos.

The Duke Jazz Ensemble is comprised of some twenty musicians presenting a full schedule of concerts each year, in which they are joined by guest artists who have included jazz greats Louie Bellson, Lionel Hampton, Dizzy Gillespie, Ellis Marsalis, Roy Hargrove, T.S. Monk, and Branford Marsalis.

Duke Jazz Combos give musicians the opportunity to work in smaller groups and perform in more informal settings.

Students may participate in either the Jazz Ensemble or Jazz Combos, or both.